https://www.lauracgoetz.com/home daily 1.0 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1544833274574-LHERC7Z4ICKUI1XG4E6D/NSF_4-Color_bitmap_Logo.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1544833256561-H8JO75H61O423TDWTEXO/fiat-slug.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1544833262685-2S64K1A4I6XNFWTKKPQA/2000px-NOAA_logo.svg.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546647786897-HSLOLZRHJJFOD8CM1JLK/IMG_3745.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546647788371-2QROPL1BMAVDWU1SHL7U/IMG-3361.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546647793409-HQGENTJKS6GPO0J2HIAU/IMG-3380.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546647796262-JBEJFFJKPBN1Q73GZ0OM/IMG-3387.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546647798085-5ULBXHHRTW2690VD4TZY/IMG-3394.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573015961724-UIZOFO8CFWKXL7U5CKAQ/IMG_0023.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573016807923-28B0HKEB6WT296WUVOI0/Screen+Shot+2019-11-05+at+21.06.31.png Home https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog daily 0.75 2023-06-14 https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/11/5/omy05-supergene monthly 0.5 2020-09-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1588646024645-3FKL4HJA7DN1N62BBTBM/F1F24059-4AB7-44FD-960D-2A2F6B93918A+2.png Blog - Chromosomal Inversions and Omy05 Image description: chromosomal inversion depicted by orange and blue blobs with different species morphs that result from chromosomal inversions. Steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are featured, as well as two white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), three walking stick insects (Timema cristinae), three numata longwing butterflies (Heliconius numata), and silver-leafed (Helianthus argophyllus) and cultivated (Helianthus annuus) sunflower species. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1584502722213-23DCQ8HNASI9OYGE9I96/Screen+Shot+2020-03-17+at+20.38.17.png Blog - Chromosomal Inversions and Omy05 - Omy05 Omy05 acts as a supergene: it contains multiple genes that work together to create a complex trait: migration or residency. The effects of Omy05 on life history depend on genotype (AA, AR, RR), but also on temperature, migration barriers and individual sex. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1588646136311-PY9QRNW3DUEZJO10XBTB/33B56E64-DE10-492C-A25A-9F6CD642AA91.jpg Blog - Chromosomal Inversions and Omy05 Figure 1: Depiction of close up of inverting chromosome. A chunk of chromosome breaks off, flips orientation, and reinserts itself back into the chromosome. Recombination during meiosis is not able to break up the inversion, so it moves as a unit through generations. The genes caught within the inversion are subjected to selection as a single group, in contrast with the genes left outside the inversion. This allows for the evolution and molding of complex traits. https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/11/5/genetics-for-newbies monthly 0.5 2020-01-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1578984634152-AZL639E6JN9SECNN461O/Untitled%2B1.jpg Blog - Genetics for Newbies Figure 2: Depiction of the transcription, translation, and utilization of genetic instructions. Alleles, variants of genes (protein-coding DNA), are included by leading to the expression of different traits (feather color). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1578984112270-SBS3I3JI8L04QEI7XJIV/Untitled%2B2.jpg Blog - Genetics for Newbies Figure 1: Depiction of deconstructed DNA double helix, forming a diploid chromosome. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1578984734439-8FESCFJ6XUKCA1N4Q930/Untitled.png Blog - Genetics for Newbies Figure 3: Mutations can consist of point-mutations, indels, gene duplications, chromosome mutations, and genome duplications. Mutations result from errors and directly create new genetic variants. https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/11/5/post-comprehensive-exam-life monthly 0.5 2019-11-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014400161-EQRYO34SR36ENCZIYL0G/IMG_3366.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014399416-HF150RQVI24PYB3IRY4T/IMG_3744.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014424756-LOXY4S743VBEHB4L50T6/IMG_5056.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014421220-QK9H5DVUW8A0AZV1E0EH/IMG_5786.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014440235-HGFU8P0HOXMKBYHGI6UK/IMG_6163.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014442627-SXT8VMME2O1MEU73GVIY/IMG_6387.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014450994-Y31CXJ3IU0BPDVAK8RA4/IMG_8700.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1573014242888-JWUO94RQ5TZ95G7JN5PA/IMG_6163.JPG Blog - Post-Comprehensive Exam Life - I kept track of my progress in this notebook… I eventually stopped using the habit tracker once I got into the groove of studying, but I’m still working on inking and coloring it in https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/3/25/fish-school-flipgrid monthly 0.5 2019-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1553550514994-LGHLOXFVFQ0R3IRH88V1/kids.png Blog - Fish School Flipgrid Some of the responses sent in from students in Fish School https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1553550770834-JDMCG5YMK5PL7783L4P1/qa.png Blog - Fish School Flipgrid - Q&A allows students to directly connect After how excited kids were to ask questions on the Nature grid in Panama, I decided to include the Q & A again in Fish School https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1553551759349-3O2RSN8VYNQGTM98LDI6/fishschool.jpg Blog - Fish School Flipgrid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1553550917089-AOCGFOHG80HC45BA27FO/field+notes.png Blog - Fish School Flipgrid - Field Notes allows students to experience Students can tune into research at the hatchery and fisheries topics in Field Notes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1553550993059-8TAWO6OHD2CLZZZ2GJBI/videos.png Blog - Fish School Flipgrid https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/1/2/spawning-day-at-mokelumne-river-hatchery monthly 0.5 2019-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546492465641-IZWP6GQALJ5NS101MDYY/IMG-3361.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Outdoor runways Once reaching juvenile stage, fish will be moved to outdoor runways where they will continue to grow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546491689508-TKCABJ1QIQPRWJZN0PM5/IMG-3189.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Eggs are collected in bowls for fertilization Milt is added from male fish by hatchery staff https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546490732296-AEXO81MNZJE4T1VIVQ0D/IMG-3209.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery Normal steelhead production and how we fit into it https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546492242523-7Q3ZZPCL7VKUXLR4A649/image-asset.jpeg Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Upright incubators Embryos develop in these stacks until after hatching https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546491140114-WHFREHZ7NF4K5V29F0J0/IMG_3748.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Broodstock prep Nonlethal fin clipping: allows us to genotype broodstock so we can make informed crosses based on our genes of interest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546491433005-1UZ1PRJTVG6H9DQIJAG7/IMG-3186.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery - Fish are gently anesthetized Hatchery staff anesthetize fish prior to spawning to decrease stress. They recover afterwards in clean water unharmed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546491859499-T3BRMZ09B5I9FKAOKOWV/IMG-3224.JPG Blog - Spawning Day at Mokelumne River Hatchery https://www.lauracgoetz.com/blog/2019/1/2/the-relation-of-characteristics-and-biogeographic-history-of-antarctic-notothenioid-fish-to-adaptive-radiation monthly 0.5 2021-01-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546480684313-8XVDJHD0I1IOZMLM84K3/image-asset.jpeg Blog - The Relation of Characteristics and Biogeographic History of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish to Adaptive Radiation Figure 4- Map depicting the geographic isolation of Antarctica. The Antarctic Polar Front (APF) hugs the Southern Ocean waters while moving in a clockwise direction with the Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) immediately outside the APF. (figure from Beers and Jayasundara 2015). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546479171057-4AY5LFA6LAKLRGCGLW5D/fig1.png Blog - The Relation of Characteristics and Biogeographic History of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish to Adaptive Radiation Figure 1- Cladogram for suborder notothenioids based on maximum likelihood model from Near et al (2012) showing the differences in physical characteristics among families. The study based the phylogeny on five nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. The non-Antarctic sister lineages are not highlighted at the top of the figure. The family Nototheniidae is blue, Harpagiferidae is red, Artedraconidae is green and Channichthyidae is pink (figure from Eastman et al. 2014). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546480439693-EHUS9PCCJY5X13GOELA8/image-asset.png Blog - The Relation of Characteristics and Biogeographic History of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish to Adaptive Radiation Figure 3– Illustration of alpha and beta globin complexes of icefish. (a) shows the different compositions of the complexes based on if the genes are truncated or not based on different species and the length of these genes. N.ionah, P.charcoti and N. angustata are all red blooded fish. The introns are colored red and the exons are colored green. The 14 icefishes only have a truncated alpha globin complex. (b) shows the hemoglobin results in a cladogram based on family. (figure from Near et al. 2006) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c142ce8fcf7fd65513cf67d/1546479745029-KRACP4C05OBY0T93NOA0/image-asset.png Blog - The Relation of Characteristics and Biogeographic History of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish to Adaptive Radiation Figure 2– Illustration of simple cladogram for four different characteristics of notothenioids and how AFGPs function. (a) A cladogram based on loss of swim bladder, loss of heat shock proteins, evolution of AFGPs and loss of hemoglobin. The cladogram shows that the loss of AFGPs contributed to the branching of Antarctic icefish from other notothenioids. (b) The process of AFGPs containing ice in the body of a fish. Ice that is consumed in diet is contained by AFGPs from the liver in the digestive tract. AFGPs also attack ice crystals on the skin. 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